2021 - Page 2 of 2 - The Association for X and Y Chromosome Variations

What microRNAs could tell us about the human X chromosome

Article Title: What microRNAs could tell us about the human X chromosome

Authors: Di Palo, Siniscalchi, Salerno, Russo, Gravholt and Potenza

Date of Publication: April 30, 2020

“MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small-non coding RNAs endowed with great regulatory power, thus playing key roles not only in almost all physiological pathways, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Surprisingly, genomic distribution analysis revealed the highest density of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome; this evolutionary conserved mammalian feature equips females with a larger miRNA machinery than males. However, miRNAs contribution to some X-related conditions, properties or functions is still poorly explored. With the aim to support and focus research in the field, this review analyzes the literature and databases about X-linked miRNAs, trying to understand how miRNAs could contribute to emerging gender-biased functions and pathological mechanisms, such as immunity and cancer. A fine map of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome is reported, and their known functions are discussed; in addition, bioinformatics functional analyses of the whole X-linked miRNA targetome (predicted and validated) were performed. The emerging scenario points to different gaps in the knowledge that should be filled with future experimental investigations, also in terms of possible implications and pathological perspectives for X chromosome aneuploidy syndromes, such as Turner and Klinefelter syndromes.”

Rick Frith2021-03-03T14:31:39-05:00Categories: 47,XXX (trisomy x), 47,XXY (Klinefelter), 47,XYY, 48,XXXY, 48,XXYY, All Variations|

Social functioning and emotion recognition in adults with triple X syndrome (TXS)

Article Title: Social functioning and emotion recognition in adults with triple X syndrome

Authors: Otter, Crins, Campforts, Stumpel, Van Amelsvoort, and Vingerhoets

Publication Date: February 15, 2021

“Our findings indicate that adults with TXS have a higher prevalence of impaired social functioning and emotion recognition. These results highlight the relevance of sex chromosome aneuploidy as a potential model for studying disorders characterised by social impairments such as autism spectrum disorder, particularly among women.”

Rick Frith2021-02-23T13:49:23-05:00Categories: 47,XXX (trisomy x)|

Social Management Training in Males With 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome)

Article Title: Social Management Training in Males With 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome): A Pilot Study of a Neurocognitive-Behavioral Treatment Targeting Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems

Authors: Martin, Van Rijn, Bierman, and Swaab

Date of Publication: January 1, 2021

“Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is associated with problems in social interaction and behavioral adaptation. Sixteen adolescents and adult men with 47,XXY enrolled in a pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of Social Management Training (SMT), a novel neurocognitive-behavioral treatment program targeted at improving social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Participants reported improved emotional stability from pre- to post-test (5 months). Informants reported reductions in internalizing and externalizing symptoms, including improvement in self-regulation. Although informants did not report changes in autism-like symptoms, increased awareness of social challenges was found. SMT may improve emotional stability, self-regulation, and self-reflection in people males with Klinefelter syndrome. This potentially efficacious treatment approach may prove to be a promising psychosocial therapeutic intervention for this population.”

Rick Frith2023-01-17T14:19:56-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: Social Behavior|

From mini‐puberty to pre‐puberty: early impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (KS)

Article Title: From mini‐puberty to pre‐puberty: early impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis with normal testicular function in children with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome

Authors: Spaziani, Granato, Liberati, Rossi, Tahani, Pozza, Gianfrilli, Papi, Anzuini, Lenzi, Tarani, and Radicioni

Date of Publication: May 6, 2020

“Purpose Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and the clinical profile of KS boys from mini-puberty to early childhood…Conclusions No hormonal signs of tubular or interstitial damage were found in KS infants. The presence of higher levels of gonadotropins, INHB and testosterone during mini-puberty and pre-puberty may be interpreted as an alteration of the HPG axis in KS infants.”

Rick Frith2021-01-14T11:18:32-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|

A review of neurocognitive functioning of children with sex chromosome trisomies

Article Title: A review of neurocognitive functioning of children with sex chromosome trisomies: Identifying targets for early intervention

Authors: Van Rijn, Urbanus, and Swaab

Date of Publication: July 2, 2019

“Results of the reviewed studies show that although traditionally, the focus has been on language and intelligence (IQ) in this population, recent studies suggest that executive functioning and social cognition may also be significantly affected already in childhood. These findings suggest that neuropsychological screening of children diagnosed with SCT should be extended, to also include executive functioning and social cognition. Knowledge about these neurocognitive risks is important to improve clinical care and help identify targets for early support and intervention programs to accommodate for the needs of individuals with SCT.”

Rick Frith2021-01-13T13:26:28-05:00Categories: 47,XXX (trisomy x), 47,XXY (Klinefelter), 47,XYY|Tags: Early Intervention|

The behavioral profile of children aged 1–5 years with sex chromosome trisomy

Article Title: The behavioral profile of children aged 1–5 years with sex chromosome trisomy (47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY)

Authors: Van Rijn, Tartaglia, Urbanus, Swaab, and Cordeiro

Date of Publication: May 20, 2020

“Collectively, these results demonstrate the importance of behavioral screening for behavioral problems in routine clinical care for children with SCT from a young age. Social–emotional problems may require special attention, as these problems seem most prominent, showing increased risk across the full age range, and with these problems occurring regardless of the timing of diagnosis, and across all three SCT karyotypes.”

Rick Frith2021-01-07T16:31:23-05:00Categories: 47,XXX (trisomy x), 47,XXY (Klinefelter), 47,XYY|