Article Title: 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes: not just variants of Klinefelter syndrome

Authors: Tartaglia, Ayari, Howell, D’Epagnier, Zeitler

Date of Publication: April 9, 2011

Sex chromosome tetrasomy and pentasomy conditions occur in 1:18,000-1:100,000 male births. While often compared with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome because of shared features including tall stature and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes are associated with additional physical findings, congenital malformations, medical problems and psychological features.”

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