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Gambling Addiction Research

Article Title: Gambling Addiction Explained?

Author: Deborah Brauser

Date of Publication: October 30, 2012

Gambling Addiction research report from the 25th European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) Congress.

Very interesting research on compulsive gambling. May have direct implications for some of the continued impulsive behavior activities sometimes seen with XXY and other SCA conditions. Also note the author’s comment at the end…he seems to feel cognitive behavior therapy and building other brain connectivity is the better treatment approach versus expecting drugs to “fix” things.

-Gary (Chair, AXYS Board of Directors)

VIENNA, Austria — Pathological gamblers may have abnormally increased reward expectancy, making them “overoptimistic with regard to gambling outcomes,” new research shows.

Investigators at the Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, in the Netherlands, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity in 15 participants with gambling problems and 16 without. They found that those with a gambling addiction had significantly more activation in the brain’s reward areas than those without.

“When the brain responds to a higher degree to potential rewards, it may trigger increased propensity to gamble,” coinvestigator Anna E. Goudriaan, PhD, told attendees here at the 25th European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) Congress.

Rick Frith2018-07-21T21:31:16-04:00Categories: All Variations|

NORD Praises SSA for Expanding Program to Help People with Devastating Diseases

Compassionate Allowances Program Provides Expedited Disability Review for Patients with Severely Disabling Diseases

Some individuals with X and Y chromosome variations qualify for Social Security benefits for disability. It’s no surprise that the Compassionate Allowances Program does not list X and Y chromosome variations as qualifying conditions. This will not apply to many, but for those who have other severely disabling conditions in addition to their X and Y chromosome variation, you may find help here.

From NORD’s press release:

Peter L. Saltonstall, president and CEO of the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), today praised Social Security Commissioner Michael Astrue and his staff for proactively establishing and expanding a program that “demonstrates true compassion for Americans with seriously disabling rare diseases.”

Saltonstall made his remarks at a Capitol Hill event at which Commissioner Astrue announced the addition of 35 diagnoses, several of which are rare, to the Compassionate Allowances Program. This is a program established by the Commissioner and his staff to quickly identify diseases that meet Social Security disability standards so that patients with devastating diseases may receive their benefit decision within days rather than months or years.

The program is especially important for people with rare diseases that are not well known or widely understood, Saltonstall said.

“As the president of NORD, I represent the 30 million Americans with rare diseases, as well as their families and caregivers,” he noted. “Rare diseases tend to be severe and chronic, and many people affected by these diseases struggle with overwhelming medical and financial challenges.”

…The program doesn’t guarantee approval for disability benefits but rather an expedited review so that individuals with diagnoses on the list receive fast-track review and are notified of the final decision within days rather than months or years.

Read more

Rick Frith2018-07-21T21:45:47-04:00Categories: All Variations|

Executive Function in Young Males with Klinefelter (XXY) Syndrome with and without Comorbid Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Article Title: Executive Function in Young Males with Klinefelter (XXY) Syndrome with and without Comorbid Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Authors: Nancy Raitano Lee, Gregory L. Wallace, Liv S. Clasen, Rhoshel K. Lenroot, Jonathan D. Blumenthal, Samantha L. White, Mark J. Celano, and Jay N. Giedd

Date of Publication: February 2011

Abstract: Deficits in executive function (EF) are reported to occur in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). The degree of impairment, if any, is variable and the nature of these deficits has not been clearly elucidated in young males. In this report, we (a) examine EF skills using multiple tasks in a non-clinic referred group of youth with XXY, (b) describe the extent of EF weaknesses in XXY when this group is compared with typical males of a similar SES or typical males with similar verbal abilities, and (c) evaluate the contribution of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to EF skills. The sample included 27 males with XXY (ages 9–25), 27 typically developing age- and vocabulary-matched males, and 22 age- and socioeconomic status-matched males. EF tasks included Verbal Fluency, the Trail Making Test, and the CANTAB Spatial Working Memory and Stockings of Cambridge tasks. Mixed model analysis of variance was used to compare the groups on EF tasks and revealed a main effect of group but no group by task interaction. Overall, the XXY group performed less well than both control groups, but performance did not differ significantly as a function of task. ADHD comorbidity in males with XXY was related to poorer EF skills.

Rick Frith2022-02-25T17:08:06-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: ADHD|

Endocrinological issues and hormonal manipulation in children and men with Klinefelter syndrome

Article Title: Endocrinological issues and hormonal manipulation in children and men with Klinefelter syndrome

Author: Matthew S. Wosnitzer et al

Date of Publication: January 18, 2013

47, XXY or Klinefelter syndrome (KS), the most common chromosomal aberration in males, is characterized by either absolute or relative hypogonadism with frequent decline in serum testosterone (T) following the onset of puberty. Decreased T levels are the result of testicular dysfunction with decrease in size of Leydig cells, and loss of germs and Sertoli cells leading to tubular hyalinization. Increase in estradiol results from over-expression of aromatase CYP19. Deficient androgen production and observed varied response of end-organs to T leads to delayed progression of puberty with decreased facial/body hair, poor muscle development, osteoporosis, and gynecomastia. It is possible that hypogonadism and excessive estradiol production contribute to emotional and social immaturity, and specific learning disabilities in KS. Based on the authors’ experience and literature review, early fertility preservation and hormonal supplementation may normalize pubertal development, prevent metabolic sequelae of hypogonadism, and have a positive effect on academic and social development. No randomized clinical trials are available studying the effects of T supplementation on reproductive or cognitive issues in KS. Aggressive T supplementation (topical gel) and selective use of aromatase inhibitors may be considered at the onset of puberty with careful follow-up and titration to reach age-specific high-normal physiologic serum values. The decision to institute hormonal therapy should be part of a multidisciplinary approach including physical, speech, behavioral, and occupational therapy.

Rick Frith2023-01-06T12:11:46-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|

Exercising the Mind to Treat Attention Deficits

Article Title: Exercising the Mind to Treat Attention Deficits

Author: Daniel Goleman

Date of Publication: May 12, 2014

“Now a growing stream of research suggests that strengthening this mental muscle, usually with exercises in so-called mindfulness, may help children and adults cope with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its adult equivalent, attention deficit disorder.”

Rick Frith2018-08-02T17:15:46-04:00Categories: All Variations|

Hypogonadism in the Aging Male Diagnosis, Potential Benefits, and Risks of Testosterone Replacement Therapy

Article Title: Hypogonadism in the Aging Male Diagnosis, Potential Benefits, and Risks of Testosterone Replacement Therapy

Authors: Prasanth N. Surampudi, Christina Wang, and Ronald Swerdloff

Date of Publication: December 2011

“Hypogonadism in older men is a syndrome characterized by low serum testosterone levels and clinical symptoms often seen in hypogonadal men of younger age. These symptoms include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased vitality, decreased muscle mass, increased adiposity, depressed mood, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Hypogonadism is a common disorder in aging men with a significant percentage of men over 60 years of age having serum testosterone levels below the lower limits of young male adults.”

Rick Frith2022-02-16T12:52:30-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: Testosterone treatment|

First Brain-Wave Test for ADHD Approved by FDA

Article Title: First Brain-Wave Test for ADHD Approved by FDA

Author: Robert Lowes

Date of Publication: July 15, 2013

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today approved the first brain-wave test to help diagnose attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years, the agency announced.

Rick Frith2022-02-25T17:06:34-05:00Categories: All Variations|Tags: ADHD|

‘Striking’ Impact of Bullying on Teens’ Mental, Physical Health

Article Title: ‘Striking’ Impact of Bullying on Teens’ Mental, Physical Health

Author: Deborah Brauser

Date of Publication: February 17, 2014

Long-term and current bullying can have serious consequences for adolescents’ physical and mental health, new research suggests.

Rick Frith2018-09-28T13:43:24-04:00Categories: All Variations|

Club helps teens learn how to mix and mingle

Article Title: Club helps teens learn how to mix and mingle

Author: Erin Grace

Date of Publication: February 10, 2014

“Welcome to Central Mixer. It’s a social skills club catering to students who have struggled to fit in. Some club members deal with impairments that are not always obvious, such as autism, a developmental disorder characterized by communication difficulties.”

Rick Frith2018-08-09T13:57:05-04:00Categories: All Variations|

Video Game ‘Addiction’ More Likely With Autism, ADHD

Article Title: Video Game ‘Addiction’ More Likely With Autism, ADHD

Author: Serena Gordon

Date of Publication: July 29, 2013

“Study cites poor peer relationships as one reason these kids embrace gaming.

Boys with autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are more at risk of addictive video game use than typically developing boys, according to new research.”

Rick Frith2022-02-25T17:06:58-05:00Categories: All Variations|Tags: ADHD|