Helpline: 1‑267‑338‑4262 | helpline@genetic.org
AXYS - The Association for X&Y Chromosome Variations
Helpline: 1‑267‑338‑4262 | info@genetic.org

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Questions for Webinar Presenters

Please use the form below to submit a question for an upcoming AXYS webinar.

While the presenter will do his or her best to answer as many questions as possible, not all questions will be answered during or after the webinar.


2018-04-20T18:47:02-04:00

Klinefelter Syndome – Integrating Genetics, Neuropsychology, and Endocrinology

Article Title: Klinefelter syndrome – integrating genetics, neuropsychology and endocrinology

Authors: Claus H. Gravholt, Simon Chang, Mikkel Wallentin, Jens Fedder, Philip Moore and Anne Skakkebæk

Date of Publication: February 9, 2018

“Although first identified over 70 years ago, Klinefelter syndrome (KS) continue to pose significant diagnostic challenges, as many patients are still misdiagnosed, or remain undiagnosed. In fact, as few as 25% of KS patients are accurately diagnosed, and most of these diagnoses are not made until adulthood. Classic characteristics of KS include small testes, infertility, hypergonadothropic hypogonadism, and cognitive impairment. However, the pathophysiology behind KS is not well understood, although genetic effects are also thought to play a role. For example, recent developments in genetics and genomics point to a fundamental change in our understanding of KS, with global epigenetic and RNA expression changes playing a central role for the phenotype.”

Read More

2018-09-06T11:29:35-04:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|

New Oral Testosterone Drug

A group of people representing AXYS and the Klinefelter Syndrome community traveled to Washington,
DC in early January 2018 to provide public comments at an FDA hearing related to the approval of a new
oral testosterone drug called Jatenzo.

The Clarus drug company has developed this oral pill as an alternative for men that require testosterone
replacement therapy (TRT). Currently the only options for TRT involve the use of gels, patches, injections
or pellet implants. All of these options have different challenges and difficulties that can cause some
men to become frustrated and stop following their recommended replacement plan. This can lead to
multiple physical and emotional difficulties for some KS individuals. We believe an oral alternative would
be easier for many people and would help them start and continue their TRT programs.

Read more

2022-02-16T13:09:10-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: |

Legal

Legal Resources

Individuals with an X or Y variation may, on occasion, find themselves involved with government institutions, care providers, law enforcement and/or a legal system that is unfamiliar with X and Y variations. AXYS provides the following resources for those individuals, or their families, for sharing with relevant authorities and service providers.

AXYS is not a law firm and does not provide legal or medical advice. All resource material is for information purposes only and may not reflect the most current legal or medical developments.  We expressly disclaim all liability to any person with respect to the material and the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done wholly or partly in reliance upon any of the material.  No one should act or refrain from acting on the basis of any material without seeking the appropriate legal or other professional advice on the particular facts and circumstances at issue.

Resource Links

AXYS Criminal Justice Task Force White Paper

Legal Issues and Challenges – Presentation Slides

Examples and Resources to Support Criminal Justice Entities in Compliance with the ADA

Journal of the American Society of Psychiatry and the Law

ARC – Criminal Justice System and Disability Advocates

ARC – National Center on Criminal Justice and Disability

Principles for Prosecutors (this paper focuses on Asperger’s Syndrome but the recommendations really apply to any Autism Spectrum condition as well as XXY and other x and y chromosome variations).

Cognitive and Neurological Aspects of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies

Australia Section 32 Booklet – This program is not in place in the U.S. but could be a helpful reference when talking with courts or prosecutors about the need for special consideration and options with developmentally challenged adults dealing with criminal charges. We need to be advocating for this type of program in the U.S. criminal justice system.

Disorders of Executive Functions Civil and Criminal Law Applications by Harold Hall (book)

Caught in the Web of the Criminal Justice System by Lawrence Dubin (book)

Sexual Behavior, Legal Issues and Autism Spectrum

2025-05-09T12:29:59-04:00

Emory University’s NIPT Study

Emory University is recruiting participants for a study about Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT). If you are 18 years of age or older, have had recent NIPT or at any time in the past that showed increased risk for X & Y chromosome variations, you are eligible to participate.

The purpose of this study is to gather information about people who have had NIPT experience showing increased risk for X & Y chromosome variations, if they had genetic counseling support and their understanding about NIPT. The results from this study will help to develop a future program to help prospective parents understand more about NIPT and more about X & Y chromosome variations.

Participation involves clicking this link: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/8YKQP6C

These are the steps:

  1. The first page is the Consent to participate page. Please read and, if you are willing, choose “yes” and be taken to a next page.
  2. The next page is a survey of demographic information and pre-presentation questions concerning stress, anxiety and coping.
  3. Please respond to all of the questions in this section of the study
  4. At the end of this survey, you be asked to view a narrated teaching presentation. Please click “yes” and watch the presentation. The presentation will open in a new window.
  5. IMPORTANT: When the video is over, please MINIMIZE THE WINDOW and you will be taken back to the survey.
  6. Please respond to the post-presentation survey and answer all of the questions.

BONUS for AXYS! Emory will donate $20 for up to 30 participants ($600 donation) who fully participate including answering all of the surveys and viewing the presentation.

Thank you in advance for your participation!

2018-01-05T15:57:27-05:00

Transitioning to Adulthood

Transitioning to Adulthood is a series of booklets prepared by Renee Beauregard of the XXYY Project. This is a summary of steps that parents/guardians of young adults with developmental disabilities must consider in preparing for their entry into the adult world of employment and independent living.

The recommendations are focused on young men with 48 chromosomes, rather than the 47 that describe the trisomy X/Y variations (Klinefelter syndrome, Trisomy X and 47,XYY.) For this reason, not all of the assumptions regarding functioning level will apply to all young people with X and Y chromosome variations. Take this into consideration when reading through the sections.

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 1: Laying the Groundwork

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 2: Teens and Young Adults

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 3: Protecting Your Son from Trouble: Victimization, Fraud, and Himself

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 4: First, He Needs an Income

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 5: Addressing His Medical Needs

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 6: Continuing Education Options

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 7: Where Will He Live?

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 8: Disability Services

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 9: Long-term Planning

Transitioning to Adulthood – Part 10: Older Adults: Now What Do We Do?

2025-05-09T12:29:44-04:00

Stories of Past Matching Grants

The Bregante Family’s Matching Grant Campaign

The Bregante Family of San Diego, CA has generously offered to make a $5,000 donation to AXYS once the organization raises the same amount from its supporters. The Bregantes are particularly interested in improving knowledge about adult XXY individuals, and their contribution will be targeted to that part of our mission and goals.

Due to your generous donations, our goal was reached. Thank you!

Learn about the Bregante family and Ryan Bregante’s Mission to Build a Klinefelter Community here.


AXYS-KELLY FAMILY MATCHING GIFT FUNDRAISER

The Ruth Kelly Campaign

Eight years ago our son, Will, at the age of 23 was finally diagnosed as 47,XXY when he was in the process of joining the U.S. Air Force Reserves. It was the military doctors who picked up on his condition, after years of my husband, Dave, and I taking Will to countless doctors and specialists for diagnosis and treatment. None of these highly trained specialists ever suggested getting genetic testing or even suggested that Will might have a genetic condition.

While finally getting a diagnosis was a relief (although a disappointment to Will in that it prevented him from achieving his dream of joining the Air Force Reserves), our relief was short-lived after we realized the lack of knowledge and awareness in the medical community. Will’s endocrinologists at a well-respected global health care institution assured us for two years that testosterone treatment would solve everything and brushed off his health and behavior issues as not being related to 47,XXY. One endocrinologist even fired us when I brought him peer-reviewed medical articles that connected Will’s hand tremors to 47,XXY (as opposed to the doctor’s adamant assertion his tremors were anxiety related). He was apparently insulted that we would not blindly accept his opinions as a board-certified endocrinologist.

It was at this time that we found out about AXYS and attended our first AXYS conference. AXYS truly has made a world of difference in our lives. We were astonished when we discovered later that AXYS maintains all of their services through volunteers and a very limited budget. The resources and support provided by AXYS, its Board of Directors, Executive Director, parents and other volunteers and participating members of the medical community is invaluable to any individual with an X/Y chromosomal variation, their loved ones and to the general medical community overall.

We have been fortunate to have strong family support from Will’s two brothers, Joe and Mike, and from his only surviving Grandparent, Ruth Kelly. Ruth was a rock and always there for us and for Will when we needed her and she surrounded us with love and strength. She also showed us by example how to deal with tough health issues. We lost Will’s Grandmother this past spring after her long battle with cancer that she faced with grace and courage that defies description. We wanted a way to honor Will’s Grandmother that would be meaningful to her and to us. In her memory and honor, our family has decided to make a matching gift to AXYS of $5,000.

We would like the money raised from this campaign to be used by AXYS to provide support to adults with 47,XXY, hopefully through the development of adult specialty clinics. As we continued on our journey after Will’s diagnosis we discovered that research, education and support for adult men with 47,XXY was lagging behind that available for younger children. Our family has attended the last three AXYS conferences and we have had the opportunity to talk with Will’s peers and to listen to their concerns. One of the things we’ve heard over and over again is that the medical professionals with whom they are engaged lack knowledge of the medical issues associated with 47,XXY and often are not even familiar with the different forms of testosterone treatment available. The AXYS Clinic and Research Consortium and their model of multi-disciplinary and holistic care seems like a big step in the right direction to help create Centers of Excellence where XXY adults can get expert evaluations and treatment recommendations.

We also hope that our gift can assist AXYS in a broader outreach to other medical professionals and possibly provide funding for an adult retreat in 2018 for the men with 47,XXY to meet and continue brainstorming on best medical practices that would assist other doctors in providing the best possible treatment.

These are all challenging objectives that will require significant financial support and time to accomplish, but we are confident that with the help of AXYS and many people, they will be achieved. And Ruth Kelly would have been very proud to be associated with this effort.


Why my husband and I are providing matching funds for up to $10,000 in donations to further AXYS’s goals.

Nine years ago, our son was in 1st grade and everything was falling apart. Andrew’s teacher told Michael and I that he had “basically failed first grade,” needed to go to summer school to advance to second grade, and she just “didn’t know what was going on.” Since we had a prenatal diagnosis of 47, XYY, we knew Andrew was at risk for learning issues and we’d already had him repeat kindergarten. By the end of 1st grade, he couldn’t write in his journal like the other kids and he could barely read a few words. We had tried to get services and supports for him in kindergarten, but we were denied, despite bringing information about his condition. When I called the eXtraordinarY kids Clinic in Denver, I was told there was a 3 month wait to be seen. We saw Dr. Tartaglia and the other specialists as soon as possible, and by the time Andrew started 2nd grade, we had a 57 page report from Dr. Tartaglia and the other specialists at Colorado Children’s. The report was written in a language the school understood and we were given every accommodation and service we requested.

Long waiting lists and the fact that traveling to another state is out of reach of many families motivated AXYS to form the AXYS Clinic and Research Consortium (ACRC) two years ago. The AXYS Board of Directors had this dream: we wanted everyone with an X or Y Variation to have access to a multi-disciplinary clinic. The Board determined that AXYS didn’t have the funds and we had to place that dream on hold. Michael and I decided at the 2015 Conference that we would donate up to $10,000 in matching gifts to raise the money. Today there are 7 multi-disciplinary clinics seeing patients, 2 specialty clinics and 3 more clinics organizing to open in the near future!

We are thrilled and excited, but there is a huge hole in the care of those with X and Y Variations. Almost all of the current clinics are unable to see adult patients because they are pediatric clinics. At every conference, and when I answer Helpline calls, adults ask, “what about us?” and parents ask, “what about my 23 year old?” Our 16 year old son will soon age out of the wonderful care he has received from Dr. Tartaglia and her team—what happens to him then?

The new non-invasive prenatal screening of maternal blood (cell free DNA) is putting an increased burden on both the clinics and the AXYS Helpline. Another AXYS goal is to have our Helpline answered by a live person instead of the current system where the caller leaves a message and a volunteer returns the call. AXYS also wants to provide copies of our informational booklets and pamphlets to the existing clinics, obstetricians and Genetic Counselors. The ACRC has agreed to write “Consensus Documents” which will contain the “best practices” in treating X and Y Variations. These documents can be taken to local providers of care when a clinic visit is not possible. Consensus Documents will also maintain a standard of care among the clinics.

Michael and I want to see the dream fulfilled of accessible multi-disciplinary clinics for all (including for adults), better support for the newly diagnosed, and improved informational materials. Of course, fulfilling these dreams costs money. For example, AXYS pays the expenses for the ACRC clinic directors to meet each year to share information and ideas, as well as plan research. We are providing matching funds for up to $10,000 in donations to further these goals. Michael and I want each and every person with an X or Y Variation to have access to the wonderful and life-changing care that Andrew has received. Together we can do this!

-Myra Byrd

2019-11-08T20:26:30-05:00

Education

Most children and adolescents whose development is affected by having an X or Y variation are eligible for special education services. US federal law, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) includes a variety of safeguards and options including Part C which provides for services to children birth to 3 years of age, and Part B which mandates a free public education for children with special needs who qualify from the ages of 3 to 21.

IDEA requires a multidisciplinary evaluation to determine if the child qualifies for special education services. This means that professionals from a variety of fields (medicine, psychology, occupational therapy, etc.) and the parents of the child collaborate to assess the child’s strengths and needs and determine appropriate educational services.

Every child eligible for special education has either an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP, for children birth to age 3), or an Individualized Education Program (IEP, for children age 3-21). Both programs specify the details of a child’s educational plan.

Intervention varies and is based upon the child’s individual needs. Areas that may be addressed include: speech and language, cognition, behavior, sensory-motor and academics. Settings range from home-based programs for infants to a variety of school-based classrooms for older children and adolescents.

Resources

This section provides a series of links to other resources that may be useful to some persons dealing with X and/or Y aneuploidy conditions. AXYS is aware that there is wide variability in the signs and symptoms associated with these conditions and not everyone will require the same resources. However, we’re hopeful that a number of these resources may be useful to a significant percentage of this population.

AXYS Resources for Distance Learning During COVID-19 and Beyond

AXYS Consensus Document: Educational Guidelines, IEPs, and School Services for Children with X & Y Chromosome Variations

Photo of a classroom

ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: XXY, XXX, XYY, and XXYY

Everything You Never Knew About the ADHD Brain

Secrets of the ADHD Brain: Why We Think, Act, and Feel the Way We Do

Understanding Tests and Measurements for the Parent and Advocate

National Center for Learning Disabilities

Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA)

Think College – College Options for People with Intellectual Disability

PACER Center

Wrightslaw: Special Education Law, 2nd Edition
By Peter W.D. Wright & Pamela Darr Wright

Special Education Law, 3rd Edition
By Nikki L. Murdick & Barbara C. Gartin, et al.

Steps to Independence: Teaching Everyday Skills to Children with Special Needs
By Bruce L. Baker & Alan J. Brightman

1001 Great Ideas for Teaching and Raising Children with Autism or Asperger’s, Revised and Expanded 2nd Edition
By Ellen Notbohm & Veronica Zysk, et al.

Autism: Asserting Your Child’s Rights to a Special Education
By David A. Sherman

Functional Behavior Assessment for People With Autism: Making Sense of Seemingly Senseless Behavior
By Beth A. Glasberg

Inclusive Programming for High School Students with Autism or Asperger’s Syndrome: Making Inclusion Work for Everyone! [Paperback]
By Sheila Wagner

The Power to Spring Up: Postsecondary Education Opportunities for Students with Significant Disabilities
By Diana M. Katovitch

Realizing the College Dream with Autism or Asperger Syndrome: A Parent’s Guide to Student Success
By Ann Palmer

Self-Help Skills for People with Autism: A Systematic Teaching Approach
By Stephen R. Anderson, Amy L. Jablonski, et al.

Visual Supports for People with Autism: A Guide for Parents and Professionals
By Marlene J. Cohen & Donna L. Sloan

About Homeschool

Homeschool.com

Home School Legal Defense Association
(The HSLDA is a legal support organization that specializes in home school issues and offers some free resources. However, please be aware that they may suggest that you become a paid member to receive full service and information. Users should be aware of their model and proceed accordingly.)

The Home School Mom

Homeschool Central (Additional resources for special needs)

Time4Learning

SEA Homeschoolers (Secular, Eclectic, Academic): They hold conferences, workshops, webinars, and have a very helpful website covering most aspects of homeschooling including transitioning out of high school to whatever comes next.

Most states have Facebook groups for homeschoolers; for example Delaware has groups for all homeschoolers (Homeschool Delaware) and for specifically secular homeschoolers (Delaware Secular Homeschoolers) to offer support, organize live, in person classes, arrange meet ups and park days and field trips, organize laboratory classes, discuss scholarships, local laws, swap materials at lower cost, and more.

The Well-Trained Mind: From the author of “Rethinking School” and featuring some really innovative approaches for different types of learners, this site includes sections for children with learning differences (See the section on “Differences, Disorders, and Disabilities”) and giftedness as well as the average kid. The author, Susan Wise Bauer, literally wrote THE major book on homeschooling (“The Well Trained Mind”) and it is popular with both religious and secular families for providing ideas about thinking about education as well as practical, everyday strategies for making a homeschool plan.  The author is a professor at the College of William and Mary, homeschools her own kids, and was homeschooled herself.  Related to this site The Well-Trained Mind Academy, which offers live online classes in most middle and high school subjects for a pricey, but generally worthwhile fee.  In those classes, students receive graded papers, instructor feedback, and classroom interaction online.  The author has written some specific curricula that seems to suit kids with issues such as dysgraphia and writing difficulty, too— I’m a big fan of her elementary program, “Writing With Ease.”

Online G3 is a site for online homeschool courses for gifted kids (because yes, kids with X and Y variations can also be educationally gifted despite their learning differences— this is called being 2E, or “twice-exceptional”).  This site is unique in that it provides good course descriptions for its live, interactive classes taught by experienced teachers, then allows parents to make the decision about whether a particular class is right for their child— no expensive test or proof is required.  It is recommended that parents be realistic, as the classes will appeal more to gifted kids who tend to “drive the bus” than to reluctant learners, but for the right kid, they are fun, encouraging, interactive, varied, and challenging.

Bravewriter offers online classes and curriculum for purchase for teaching by the parent for helping anxious writers or encouraging the aspiring author. Online classes encourage kids to comment (kindly) on one another’s work, even if a particular student is only typing out one or two-sentence responses at first, and the instructors ask questions to help draw out more detailed answers, conversationally, in a message-board format.

CK-12 is a FREE website with high-quality textbooks available online, with many upper-level books including lab manuals and teacher manuals as well (also free). Because the books are online, they include embedded media. Parents can sign up for a teacher account and create a program to assign to their kids and monitor progress, or do it more informally.

There are other resources available, and one of the parents of an XXY child has offered to help other parents looking for more information. You can reach Jen Driscoll at XXYMidAtlantic@gmail.com  with questions.

Physical Education for Students with Disabilities: Wrightslaw (if page does not open in browser, remove “https” from the URL in the address bar)

7 Ways to Include a Student with Special Needs in Physical Education

Adapted Physical Education Guidelines
Note: While these guidelines are specific to California schools, we think readers may find them helpful no matter where you live.

Special thanks to the National Fragile X Foundation for the use of some content.
Disclaimer: AXYS provides the above information to assist families and professionals in providing the best, possible educational experience for children with an X or Y variation. Inclusion in this list of resources does not imply endorsement by AXYS of any product or service and parents are encouraged to fully research products and services before making any commitments or purchases.

2022-08-11T13:53:18-04:00Tags: |
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