47,XXY (Klinefelter) Archives - Page 5 of 20 - The Association for X and Y Chromosome Variations

A clinical algorithm for management of fertility in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome

Article title: A clinical algorithm for management of fertility in adolescents with the Klinefelter syndrome

Author: Masterson III, Nassaub, and Ramasamya

Date of Publication: May 2020

“In this review, we will discuss contemporary management of adolescents with Klinefelter’s syndrome, with a specific focus on fertility preservation and management of hypogonadism. As urologists often see these children after evaluation by an endocrinologist, we simplify our treatment strategy by creating case scenarios and present a treatment algorithm.”

Rick Frith2021-06-08T12:54:03-04:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: Fertility|

Male infertility due to testicular disorders

Article title: Male infertility due to testicular disorders

Author: Sharma, Minhas, Dhillo, and Jayasena

Date of Publication: December 9, 2020

“Male infertility due to testicular failure has traditionally been viewed as unmodifiable. In the absence of effective pharmacological therapies, delivery of lifestyle advice is a potentially important treatment option. Future research efforts are needed to determine unidentified factors causative in ‘idiopathic’ male infertility and long-term follow-up studies of babies conceived through ART [assisted reproductive techniques].”

Rick Frith2021-05-18T14:38:36-04:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: Fertility|

Incidence of gynaecomastia in Klinefelter syndrome adolescents and outcome of testosterone treatment

Article title: Incidence of gynaecomastia in Klinefelter syndrome adolescents and outcome of testosterone treatment

Author: Butler

Date of Publication: April 2021

“The incidence of gynaecomastia in KS boys (overall 35.6%) is not increased over typically developing boys. Commencing testosterone when gynaecomastia develops with physiological dose escalation and full adherence can result in the resolution of the gynaecomastia.”

Rick Frith2022-02-16T12:47:54-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: Testosterone treatment|

Epigenetics and genomics in Klinefelter syndrome

Article Title: Epigenetics and genomics in Klinefelter syndrome

Authors: Skakkebæk, Viuff, Nielsen, and Gravholt

Date of Publication: June 2, 2020

“Since the first description of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) was published in 1942 in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, large inter‐individual variability in the phenotypic presentation has been demonstrated. However, our understanding of the global impact of the additional X chromosome on the genome remains an enigma. Evidence from the existing literature of KS indicates that not just one single genetic mechanism can explain the phenotype and the variable expressivity, but several mechanisms may be at play concurrently. In this review, we describe different genetic mechanisms and recent advances in the understanding of the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome of KS and the link to the phenotype and clinical heterogeneity. Future studies are needed to unite clinical data, genomic data, and basic research attempting to understand the genetics behind KS. Unraveling the genetics of KS will be of clinical relevance as it may enable the use of polygenic risk scores to predict future disease susceptibility and enable clinical risk stratification of KS patients in the future.”

Rick Frith2021-03-03T15:01:38-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|

What microRNAs could tell us about the human X chromosome

Article Title: What microRNAs could tell us about the human X chromosome

Authors: Di Palo, Siniscalchi, Salerno, Russo, Gravholt and Potenza

Date of Publication: April 30, 2020

“MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small-non coding RNAs endowed with great regulatory power, thus playing key roles not only in almost all physiological pathways, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Surprisingly, genomic distribution analysis revealed the highest density of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome; this evolutionary conserved mammalian feature equips females with a larger miRNA machinery than males. However, miRNAs contribution to some X-related conditions, properties or functions is still poorly explored. With the aim to support and focus research in the field, this review analyzes the literature and databases about X-linked miRNAs, trying to understand how miRNAs could contribute to emerging gender-biased functions and pathological mechanisms, such as immunity and cancer. A fine map of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome is reported, and their known functions are discussed; in addition, bioinformatics functional analyses of the whole X-linked miRNA targetome (predicted and validated) were performed. The emerging scenario points to different gaps in the knowledge that should be filled with future experimental investigations, also in terms of possible implications and pathological perspectives for X chromosome aneuploidy syndromes, such as Turner and Klinefelter syndromes.”

Rick Frith2021-03-03T14:31:39-05:00Categories: 47,XXX (trisomy x), 47,XXY (Klinefelter), 47,XYY, 48,XXXY, 48,XXYY, All Variations|

Social Management Training in Males With 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome)

Article Title: Social Management Training in Males With 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome): A Pilot Study of a Neurocognitive-Behavioral Treatment Targeting Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems

Authors: Martin, Van Rijn, Bierman, and Swaab

Date of Publication: January 1, 2021

“Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is associated with problems in social interaction and behavioral adaptation. Sixteen adolescents and adult men with 47,XXY enrolled in a pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of Social Management Training (SMT), a novel neurocognitive-behavioral treatment program targeted at improving social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Participants reported improved emotional stability from pre- to post-test (5 months). Informants reported reductions in internalizing and externalizing symptoms, including improvement in self-regulation. Although informants did not report changes in autism-like symptoms, increased awareness of social challenges was found. SMT may improve emotional stability, self-regulation, and self-reflection in people males with Klinefelter syndrome. This potentially efficacious treatment approach may prove to be a promising psychosocial therapeutic intervention for this population.”

Rick Frith2023-01-17T14:19:56-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: Social Behavior|

From mini‐puberty to pre‐puberty: early impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (KS)

Article Title: From mini‐puberty to pre‐puberty: early impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis with normal testicular function in children with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome

Authors: Spaziani, Granato, Liberati, Rossi, Tahani, Pozza, Gianfrilli, Papi, Anzuini, Lenzi, Tarani, and Radicioni

Date of Publication: May 6, 2020

“Purpose Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and the clinical profile of KS boys from mini-puberty to early childhood…Conclusions No hormonal signs of tubular or interstitial damage were found in KS infants. The presence of higher levels of gonadotropins, INHB and testosterone during mini-puberty and pre-puberty may be interpreted as an alteration of the HPG axis in KS infants.”

Rick Frith2021-01-14T11:18:32-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|

A review of neurocognitive functioning of children with sex chromosome trisomies

Article Title: A review of neurocognitive functioning of children with sex chromosome trisomies: Identifying targets for early intervention

Authors: Van Rijn, Urbanus, and Swaab

Date of Publication: July 2, 2019

“Results of the reviewed studies show that although traditionally, the focus has been on language and intelligence (IQ) in this population, recent studies suggest that executive functioning and social cognition may also be significantly affected already in childhood. These findings suggest that neuropsychological screening of children diagnosed with SCT should be extended, to also include executive functioning and social cognition. Knowledge about these neurocognitive risks is important to improve clinical care and help identify targets for early support and intervention programs to accommodate for the needs of individuals with SCT.”

Rick Frith2021-01-13T13:26:28-05:00Categories: 47,XXX (trisomy x), 47,XXY (Klinefelter), 47,XYY|Tags: Early Intervention|

The behavioral profile of children aged 1–5 years with sex chromosome trisomy

Article Title: The behavioral profile of children aged 1–5 years with sex chromosome trisomy (47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY)

Authors: Van Rijn, Tartaglia, Urbanus, Swaab, and Cordeiro

Date of Publication: May 20, 2020

“Collectively, these results demonstrate the importance of behavioral screening for behavioral problems in routine clinical care for children with SCT from a young age. Social–emotional problems may require special attention, as these problems seem most prominent, showing increased risk across the full age range, and with these problems occurring regardless of the timing of diagnosis, and across all three SCT karyotypes.”

Rick Frith2021-01-07T16:31:23-05:00Categories: 47,XXX (trisomy x), 47,XXY (Klinefelter), 47,XYY|

Infertility considerations in Klinefelter syndrome: From origin to management

Article Title: Infertility considerations in Klinefelter syndrome: From origin to management

Authors: Deebel, Bradshaw, and Sadri-Ardekani

Date of Publication: December 15, 2020

“Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is defined as the presence of one or more extra “X” chromosome in a male patient. It affects approximately 1 in 600 newborn males and the most common chromosomal abnormality, leading to male hypogonadism and infertility. There is a lack of data supporting best practices for KS patients’ care. In this paper we review controversial issues in KS research ranging from mechanisms of variation in KS phenotype to abnormalities resulting in reduced sperm production to successful sperm retrieval disparities after testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Translation to live birth and offspring health is also examined. Finally, medical therapies used to optimize the hormonal status and chances of fertility in KS patients are reviewed. We will also discuss the experimental spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) treatments, which are considered the future for TESE negative patients.”

Rick Frith2020-12-30T16:38:11-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: Fertility|