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OT, SLP, AT & The IEP… Making Sense of the Alphabet Soup

Creating an IEP – or Individualized Educational Program – can be an incredibly confusing and daunting experience. The "alphabet soup" of acronyms and legalese often increases the anxiety and uneasiness for families. There are often many professionals in the room, some just popping in and out during the meeting, and families can feel isolated and not fully part of the process. One way to offset these feelings is to prepare ahead of time.

We've designed this article to be an at-a-glance format, combining our professional expertise and some handy resources. This information is presented via FAQs (more alphabet soup for frequently asked questions) and IEP insider tips. In addition, we have included voices and insights of families from the NFXF community and their perspectives based on personal, first-hand experiences about the IEP process. We've kept the families anonymous and sincerely thank them for their valuable comments and suggestions. All family contributions are italicized so you can quickly find them.

Be sure to check out the many handy resources at the end. It is our sincere hope that families can find some helpful information to aid them in confidently participating in your child's IEP as a key member of the team.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is IDEA – Individuals with Disabilities Education Act? And Now IDEIA – Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act?

IDEA / IDEIA is the federal law that makes special education available for students with special needs.

What are FAPE (Free and Appropriate Public Education) and LRE (Least Restrictive Environment)?

FAPE – Free and Appropriate Public Education: FAPE is central to the federal law and is a protected right of children eligible for special education. Just like all other children, students with special needs have the right to a free public education.

LRE – Least Restrictive Environment: This means that schools must consider teaching a child with special needs in general education whenever possible. There is a continuum of "restrictiveness" ranging from the most restrictive of residential placements, to special education centers where all children on the campus have special needs, to special education classrooms on general education campuses, to resource style classes where students spend parts of a day in special education and parts of the day in general education and full inclusion in general education settings. The graphic is a representation of "restrictiveness".

Least restrictive environment chart

What is an IEP – Individualized Educational Plan or Program?

An IEP is a written statement for each child with a disability, and it is developed, reviewed and revised according to the requirements of IDEA.

IEPs are typically held once per year, but the timing may vary depending on the needs of your child.

Tip: You can call an IEP meeting any time.

IEPs typically have a flow of how things will proceed. Each team is different, but generally the team should use the following flow for discussing the student's educational program.

  1. IEP team must collaboratively brainstorm to identify needs within the PRESENT LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE.
  2. areas of identified need, the team must develop GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
  3. Once completed, THERAPY SUPPORTS are discussed and documented that may be necessary in order to meet the agreed upon goals and objectives.

What is Speech Language Pathology (SLP)? Is that the same as Speech Therapy (ST)? What is a Language, Speech and Hearing Specialist (LSH)? What do I need to know about Speech and Language?

Often in schools, SLP, LSH and ST are used interchangeably – BUT the training and degree are the same. Typically LSH is only used in school settings.

Communication is an UMBRELLA that includes many concepts. Here is a breakdown that we find helpful.

What is Speech?

Speech includes: production of phonemes (sounds), voice and fluency. In other words, articulation.Communication umbrella

What is Language?

Language is the area of functioning that is most crucial for all aspects of cognitive and social development. Language is comprised of Receptive Language and Expressive Language.

  • Receptive Language: The understanding – or what the individual receives via communication in the environment. Receptive Language includes both verbal and visual input.
  • Expressive Language: Ability to communicate – express – wants and needs. Expressive Language includes both verbal and visual input.

What are Pragmatics?

Pragmatics: The use of language or may be referred to as, "social language" (e.g. taking turns, waiting, sharing, eye contact, facial expressions). Pragmatics also includes flexibility of thought and language use depending upon the situation.

What are Speech Therapy services in schools most concerned with?

  • Socialization /Pragmatics
  • Design of a Language Rich Environment
  • Emphasis is to encourage language through various modalities on an everyday basis.

LSH therapists are support staff who can assist in the development of communication tools, which should be used on a consistent basis and embedded into the IEP.

What is Occupational Therapy?

  • The term "occupation" comes from how we "occupy" our time. Our daily life's roles and activities including self-care, play, work, social engagement, leisure, and learning are all daily "occupations".
  • OT services are provided to a student if those supports are needed to meet annual goals as outlined in the IEP. In school settings, OT's support student learning, access to and overall participation in educational settings and routines including academic and non-academic domains.
  • Sensory Processing differences often greatly impact one's fulfillment of daily occupations.

What is Sensory Integration (SI)?

  • Sensory Integration (SI) is defined as:
    The organization of sensation for use.
  • SI issues also known as sensory processing differences impact:
    • Attention and focus
    • Behavior
    • Language processing
    • Learning
    • Overall functioning
  • Research has well documented SI issues in many individuals with FXS.

What is Assisted Technology (AT)?

  • According to IDEA 2004, AT is defined as:
    Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of children with disabilities.
  • AT must be considered on EVERY IEP.

What is Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)?

  • AAC is part of AT that focuses on communication.
  • AAC is not just a "device that talks" but includes a broad spectrum of applications including symbols, gestures, pictures, icons to enhance communication.
  • Use of AAC applications will NOT stop someone from talking.

BEFORE the IEP Meeting

What to ask for in advance:

  1. Ask for an IEP agenda.
  2. Ask for draft copy of the IEP in advance including present levels and proposed goals.
  3. Ask for assessment reports in advance.

*NOTE* Requests for present levels, goals and assessments prior to the meeting may need to be in writing. This can often be done via email and/or by dropping off a note at the school. Be sure to find out how much advance notice is required in order to have your requests honored and to allow the school team to adequately prepare your drafts. This can vary by district (e.g. 3 days, 1 week).

Prepare your own thoughts about your child's present levels. Have strengths and areas of concern in mind. Consider bringing this information in a handy note format that is comfortable for you to share with the team. (See Positive Student Profile – below)

DURING the IEP Meeting

Go in as a collaborator not as an adversary.

YOU are the best source of information on your child and his/her best advocate

  • Begin with your child as an individual who has strengths and gifts

Ask to have the IEP notes read aloud at the end of meeting with ALL team members present. This helps to make sure the team is all in agreement about what was discussed and will help to clarify any issues.

Pointedly discuss collaboration DURING the IEP meeting. Put it ON the IEP as part of the service delivery. For example:

  • Schedule team meetings monthly or quarterly.
  • Define expectations for team communication (e.g. logs in notebooks or email).
  • Many therapists & teachers have good intentions, but unless we have formal COLLABORATION SPACES, TIME and PLACES, it may not actually happen in the way we all want it to happen.

You do NOT need to sign the IEP right away at the end of the meeting

  • You can take it home, review it, share with partner/family and sign later

Many families make this their regular practice, not just when things are contentious.

Positive Student Profile Examples

         Positive Student Profile

Tips from Parents on Meetings

  • My input as a parent is really important in the IEP. So, I always write a detailed page for the "Parent Concerns" section. All year long I add bullet points to a document I keep on my computer. When something comes to mind – a particular challenge, a great success, a dream for him – I type a bullet point. Then when it's time to write my part of the IEP, I have my bullets to refer to. I try to do my piece well in advance of the meeting in hopes that his teacher might use some of my thoughts to form the goals.
  • I always tried to act as another part of the whole team. I did things, I volunteered to provide things, and expected others to do the same. I never went in just pounding my fist and requesting unrealistic things. It has to be cohesive!
  • It never hurts to ask for something, the worst they can say is "No".
  • Trust your gut.
  • Educate the IEP team on FXS and what you as the parent know about FXS learning styles each year.

Goals

Questions to ask about goals

  • Ask what the goal will "look like" during the school day.
    • Provides context.
  • Ask about how skills will be generalized.
  • Ask about how/when progress will be updated and what the parent – school communication piece will be.
  • Ask about how the goal will be measured AND how that data will be collected and shared.

Goals should be

  • Interdisciplinary
    • Not just a "speech goal" or "OT goal".
  • Functional, measurable and data driven.
  • The measured behavior should be clear so anyone reading the goal knows what it is.
  • HIGHLY individualized to your child.
  • For more information, please read Preparing for Your Child's Individual Education Program (IEP).

Tips from Parents: Food and IEPs are a great pairing!

  • For every meeting (monthly or IEP) we bring food. Muffins, scones, cut up fruit-yogurt and paper bowls since we usually meet in the early morning. We know their dietary needs as well and provide something healthy. It lets them know that we care about them and appreciate their help.
  • I believe it's a nice gesture AND it's harder to say no with a bagel in your mouth. Pete suggests bringing enough so there is extra. Then when it's in the teachers' lounge and someone says, "Where's this from?" The answer shows your generous parents as opposed to the talk in the teachers' lounge being about your list of demands. We bring food in as well. I always come in a few minutes early and stop in the front office and make sure the secretary and principal have some as well as anyone else on the team who may not be at the meeting (like the paraprofessionals!). These small gestures have always helped not just with IEP's but also throughout the year because they all KNOW me so when we have had to be firm about a decision they understand a little better. They are also more likely to go out of their way for us. 😊

AFTER the IEP

  • COLLABORATE and follow through!
  • Actively engage in the agreed upon team communication strategies – you are a key team member!
  • Don't hesitate to ask follow up questions. Remember, you can call an IEP meeting at any time, so if you want to meet again with the team, that is your prerogative.

Resources

IEP Information – www.understood.org (previously known as the National Center for Learning Disabilities, NCLD)

IEP Headquarters

IDEA Parent Guide

IDEIA info

Chapter 7: IEPs – Developing Your Child's Education Plan

SMART IEPs

Center for Parent Information and Resources (includes Spanish translation)

Raising Special Kids

American Speech & Hearing Association (ASHA)

American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)

Assistive Technology

Authors

Laura Greiss Hess & Kerrie Lemons ChitwoodLaura Greiss Hess, PhD, OTR/L
is an assistant professor in the department of occupational therapy at Dominican University of California. She began her career as a special education teacher in 1992 and then became a school-based occupational therapist in 1998. She worked at the UC Davis MIND Institute for 12 years on the FXS team under the mentorship of Randi Hagerman. Laura’s research and practice interests include: neurodevelopmental disorders such as Fragile X syndrome and autism, examining intervention outcomes as measured in daily life contexts with schools and families, interdisciplinary team collaboration, sensory processing and assistive technology applications.
Kerrie Lemons Chitwood, PhD, CCC-SLP
is a licensed speech language pathologist with 18 years of clinical and research experience. Kerrie currently is an adjunct professor in the Education Department at California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB). In addition, she is the program coordinator for the Masters of Arts in Education at CSUMB. Previously, from 2002-2012, Kerrie worked at the UC Davis MIND Institute, where she was part of the Fragile X team. She values intervention research and has extensive experience working as an integral member of a collaborative interdisciplinary team. She is committed to translational research and thrives to bridge the gap between research and practice specifically as it pertains to students and families with FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders in various educational settings.

We’d like to thank the Murphy family, Holly Roos, the Welin family and Jayne Dixon Weber for their contributions to this article!

[[1]]This definition was conceptualized by Jean Ayres (1979) an OT and scholar who pioneered what we understand SI to be today.[[1]] [[2]]From Wright’s Law: IDEA does not require parents to “sign” an IEP. Threatening to not sign an IEP does not really mean much. Also, if you do not sign the IEP, others may think you agree to it. You have an absolute right to disagree with the IEP. Do not sit on that right. If you disagree with the IEP, go ahead and sign it, but put a note below or to the side of your name saying that your signature does not mean that you agree with the IEP. – See more at: www.wrightslaw.com/howey/iep.sign.htm[[2]]

Thank you to the National Fragile X Foundation for allowing AXYS to use this content.

2022-05-12T14:22:25-04:00

Salivary Testosterone in Relation to Social Cognition and Social Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome)

Article Title: Salivary testosterone in relation to social cognition and social anxiety in children and adolescents with 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)

Author: Sophie van Rijn

Date of Publication: July 23, 2018

“Within the 47,XXY group, lower levels of salivary testosterone were significantly associated with higher levels of social anxiety. The correlation was strong, and independent of age and pubertal development. However, salivary levels of testosterone were uncorrelated to social cognitive skills.”

Read more

2019-02-03T13:13:10-05:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|

Oxandrolone Treatment Effects on Motor Function, Cognition and Behavior

Article Title: Androgen Treatment Effects on Motor Function, Cognition, and Behavior in Boys with Klinefelter Syndrome

Authors: Judith L. Ross, Nicole Tartaglia, Shanlee Davis, Allan L. Reiss, et al

Date of Publication: June 2017

“This double-blind, randomized trial demonstrates that 24 months of childhood low-dose androgen treatment in boys with Klinefelter syndrome benefited 1 of 5 primary endpoints (visual-motor function). Secondary analyses demonstrated positive effects of androgen on aspects of psychosocial function (anxiety, depression, social problems), without significant effects on cognitive function, or hyperactive or aggressive behaviors.”

Read more

2019-05-22T12:00:27-04:00Categories: 47,XXY (Klinefelter)|Tags: |

Middle School Teacher Spreads X & Y Chromosome Variation Awareness

Brittney Caracciolo writes:

Disability Awareness Week at Brittney Caracciolo's Middle School“I am the Life Skills Support teacher at Phoenixville Area Middle School in Pennsylvania where I teach students with special needs in grades 6-8. My 19-year-old brother has Klinefelter’s Syndrome and I have always gone with my parents to AXYS meetings whenever possible for as long as I can remember. At the last meeting I attended at DuPont Hospital, they mentioned designating the month of May as X & Y Chromosome Variation Awareness Month. The idea occurred to me that, as a teacher, I have a perfect audience to inform people about these chromosome variations. Not to mention, there are probably students in my school that may have a chromosome variation but don’t even know it. I reached out to my superintendent and assistant superintendent about sending information home to families about X & Y Chromosome Variation Awareness month and they thought it sounded very important and recommended that I speak to my building principal. My principal agreed with the idea of spreading awareness and suggested that we turn it into a week-long awareness campaign and involve student council in some of the planning.

"Crazy" sock day for Disability Awareness Week

To make it more inclusive of the whole building, we took a week and each day we designated a different disability or set of disabilities to feature. We chose: Apraxia, X & Y Chromosome Variation Awareness, Autism, Down syndrome and mental health awareness. Each day, a student-friendly description of the disability or set of disabilities was read over the announcements, along with a reminder to visit the table set up in the cafeteria for more information. Each day, there was also a specific thing to wear. For instance, Down syndrome day the students wore “crazy” socks and for X & Y Chromosome Variation Awareness, the students wore AXYS stickers that Sandy was kind enough to make us. The response was definitely overwhelmingly positive! 900 students and 50 staff got to learn about these disabilities. Many of them had never heard of X & Y Chromosome Variations before. I had several teachers come to me and tell me that they learned something new. It was also great to see so many students and teachers wearing the AXYS stickers. I even just found one on a student’s water bottle, 2 months after the fact! Additionally, I gave each teacher a set of brochures on each disability/set of disabilities for their own personal information. I think that the impact of ‘Disability Awareness Week’ will be long-lasting and I intend to do this again next year. Overall, I would say that I was very fortunate to have such a successful experience and would love for others to try and do something similar if they can. It was not very difficult and in my opinion it was very effective.

I do have a few tips to help people plan their own awareness campaign:

  • Consider your audience. Since I’m in a school with middle-school aged children, it was very important to me to find and make content that would support the students’ understanding. I also sent the AXYS brochures home to the parents but I wanted the students to have an age appropriate idea of the conditions as well.
  • Get people to help you. Although I did a lot of the planning on my own, I did get a significant amount of help from student council and the students and para-professionals in my classroom. There is a lot of time-consuming things that go into a campaign once it’s been approved- making posters, setting up a table, organizing people to be at the table, figuring out how to get information out about the campaign, etc. For all of this, you need some type of support or help. However, the really nice thing is that you can make the awareness campaign however big or small that you want it. Your awareness campaign could simply be putting AXYS brochures with information in people’s mailboxes at work or emailing them to colleagues. It does not always have to be extravagant. However, if you get the chance to do something bigger, I think it will stick out to people more.
  • My final tip (and this is thanks to Sandy) is to publicize your hard work afterwards. Through publicizing it, you are reaching even more people who might then feel confident that they can help spread awareness too. The more awareness the better and we can all help do our part.”
2018-07-31T17:18:47-04:00

Emory University Focuses on XXYY

July, 2018

One of the sex chromosome variations least understood is XXYY. While the prevalence is reported to be 1 in 18,000 to 1 in 40,000, these estimates are likely an inadequate representation of true prevalence owing to missed diagnosis and alternate diagnoses for developmental, learning and behavioral issues. While early diagnosis is improving due to pre-natal screening and pre-natal diagnosis, there remains an unaccounted number of boys and men who have this variation and may not be aware.

For families with children and adults affected by XXYY, daily challenges abound in the areas of physical health, learning, behavior and launch to adulthood. Due to lack of information informed by research, no guidelines currently exist to help guide health care providers, educators and social services for how to preserve and maintain best function and quality of life for boys, men with XXYY and their families.

Read more

2018-07-26T14:54:53-04:00Categories: 48,XXYY|

Contact the XXYY Project

Information for Parents

The fastest way to reach a volunteer is by email:  xxyyprojectsupport@genetic.org. If you must call because you don’t have e-mail, please note: The XXYY Project helpline is managed through our sponsor organization, AXYS and forwarded to the XXYY Project volunteer. AXYS serves people with all X & Y chromosome variations (Klinefelter Syndrome, Trisomy X, XYY). When you call, please make sure you state that you are calling about XXYY specifically. Your information will be given to a volunteer who will call you back when they are available, which may not be quickly. PLEASE DO NOT EXPECT IMMEDIATE CALL BACK AND PLEASE DO NOT KEEP CALLING WHEN YOU DON’T GET IMMEDIATE CALL BACK. Our volunteers work full-time jobs. Before they call you back, they frequently need time to find the answer to your question. 

Phone (Helpline): 1-267-338-4262

Outside U.S. / Canada: email if you have been in contact with us before, the XXYY Project provides the majority of our support through our private Facebook Parents and Caregivers group. Specific questions about how to deal with particular issues should be asked there, not by calling or emailing us directly.  Our volunteers have limited time and are not able to provide extensive 1:1 assistance. Please email us to ask to join the Facebook group.  xxyyprojectsupport@genetic.org

Information about the XXYY Project

NOTE: The XXYY Project is now under the umbrella of AXYS

For inquiries regarding the XXYY Project organization, please contact Gail Decker, XXYY Project Representative, AXYS Board of Directors.

Email: xxyy@genetic.org

Phone: 1-267-338-4262 (Helpline)

The XXYY Project
c/o AXYS
PO Box 145
Apison, TN 37302
USA

Information for Australia

Carol Vigo
E-mail: xxyyaustralia@genetic.org

2024-10-15T15:55:26-04:00

Research Articles List

You can use this page to search for a specific article in our library. You can search by name, author names, or date of publication.

Research Article and Other Publication Titles

Author(s)

Year of Publication

Cardiovascular risk and mortality in men receiving testosterone replacement therapy for Klinefelter syndrome in Denmark: a retrospective cohort studyChang, Pedersen, Skakkebæk, Berglund, and Gravholt2025
Testosterone Effects on Short-Term Physical, Hormonal, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes (TESTO) in Infants with 47,XXYDavis, Howell, Janusz, Lahlou, Reynolds, Thompson, Swenson, Wilson, Ross, Zeitler, and Tartaglia2025
Generating Advancements in Longitudinal Analysis in X and Y Variations: Rationale, Methods, and Diagnostic Characteristics for the GALAXY RegistryCarl, Bothwell, Swenson, Bregante, Cohen, Cover, Dawczyk, Decker, Gerken, Hong, Howell, Raznahan, Rogol, Tartaglia, and Davis2025
Transition to Adulthood for Individuals with X and Y VariationsBooth and Cover2024
Evidence-based recommendations for delivering the diagnosis of X&Y chromosome multisomies in children, adolescents, and young adults: an integrative reviewRiggan, Ormond, Allyse, and Close2024
BMJ Best Practice – Klinefelter SyndromeRogol, Butler, and Gravholt2024
A qualitative exploration of experiences of gender identity and gender questioning among adults with Klinefelter syndrome/XXYHarkin and Elander2024
Evidence‑based recommendations for delivering the diagnosis of X & Y chromosome multisomies in children, adolescents, and young adults: an integrative reviewRiggan, Ormond, Allyse, and Close2024
An extra X chromosome among adult women in the Million Veteran Program: A more benign perspective of trisomy XDavis, Teerlink, Lynch, Klamut, Gorman, Pagadala, Panizzon, Merritt, Genovese, Ross, and Hauger2024
A genome-first study of sex chromosome aneuploidies provides evidence of Y chromosome dosage effects on autism riskBerry, Finucane, Myers, Walsh, Seibert, Martin, Ledbetter, and Oetjens2024
Supernumerary sex chromosome abnormalities – new developments and future trajectories - A summary of the 2022 3rd International Workshop on Klinefelter syndrome, XYY and Trisomy XGravholt, Ferlin, Gromoll, Juul, Raznahan, Van Rijn, Rogol, Skakkebæk, Tartaglia, and Swaab2023
Associations of psychiatric disorders with sex chromosome aneuploidies in the Danish iPSYCH2015 dataset: a case-cohort studySánchez, Montalbano, Vaez, Krebs, Byberg-Grauholm, Mortensen, Børglum, Hougaard, Nordentoft, Geschwind, Buil, Schork, Thompson, Raznahan, Helenius, Werge, and Ingason2023
Deep phenotypic analysis of psychiatric features in genetically defined cohorts: application to XYY syndromeRau, Schaffer, Liu, Fish, Mankiw, Xenophontos, Clasen, Joseph, Thurm, Blumenthal, Bassett, and Torres2023
Understanding the phenotypic spectrum and family experiences of XYY syndrome: Important considerations for genetic counselingJodarski, Duncan, Torres, Gore, Raznahan, and Similuk2023
Increasing Awareness of Sex Chomosome TrisomiesTorres, Raznahan, Blumenthal, Meerschaert, and Colella2023
Association of Supernumerary Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies With Venous ThromboembolismBerry, Finucane, Myers, Abril, Kirchner, Ledbetter, Martin, and Oetjens2023
Quality of life in men with Klinefelter Syndrome – a multicentre studyFranik, Fleischer, Kortmann, Stikkelbroek, D’Hauwers, Bouvattier, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Grunenwald, Van de Grift, Cartault, Richter-Unruh, Reisch, Thyen, IntHout, and Claahsen-van der Grinten2023
The emotional journey of adapting to prenatally identified trisomy XThompson, Tisher, Davis, Miller, Kirk, Tartaglia, and Howell2023
Sex chromosome aneuploidies and fertility: 47,XXY, 47,XYY, 47,XXX and 45,X/47,XXXRogol2023
Executive Dysfunction in Klinefelter Syndrome: Associations With Brain Activation and Testicular FailureFoland-Ross, Ghasemi, Lozano Wun, Aye, Kowal, Ross, and Reiss2023
Neurocognitive and behavioral development in young children (1-7 years) with Sex Chromosome TrisomyVan Rijn, Kuiper, Bouw, Urbanus, and Swaab2023
Exploring Academic and Character Strengths in Students with Sex Chromosome AneuploidiesThompson, Davis, Takamatsu, Howell, and Tartaglia2022
Early Preventive Intervention for Young Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY): Supporting Social Cognitive Development Using a Neurocognitive Training Program Targeting Facial Emotion UnderstandingBouw, Swaab, and van Rijn2022
‘I Wish the School Had a Better Understanding of the Diagnosis’: parent perspectives on educational needs of students with SCAsThompson, Stinnett, Tartaglia, Davis, and Janusz2022
Early Social Behavior in Young Children with Sex Chromosome Trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY): Profiles of Observed Social Interactions and Social Impairments Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)Bouw, Swaab, Tartaglia, Cordeiro, and van Rijn2022
Detection and characterization of male sex chromosome abnormalities in the UK Biobank studyZhao, Gardner, Tuke, Zhang, Pietzner, Koprulu, Jia, Ruth, Wood, Beaumont, Tyrrell, Jones, Lango Allen, Day, Langenberg, Frayling, Weedon, Perry, Ong, and Murray2022
Supporting students with sex chromosome aneuploidies in educational settings: Results of a nationwide surveyThompson, Davis, Janusz, Frith, Pylead, Howell, Boada, Wilson, and Tartaglia2022
Emotional reactivity and expressivity in young children with sex chromosome trisomies: evidence from psychophysiological and observational dataKuiper, Swaab, Tartaglia, Cordeiro, and van Rijn2022
Klinefelter syndrome: going beyond the diagnosisButler, Srirangalingam, Faithfull, Sangster, Senniappan, and Mitchell2022
Early symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 1–8 year old children with sex chromosome trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY), and the predictive value of joint attentionBouw, Swaab, Tartaglia, Wilson, van der Velde, and van Rijn2022
Association between domains of quality of life and patients with Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic reviewMehmet, Gillard, Jayasena, and Llahana2022
Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) results for participants of the eXtraordinarY babies study: Screening, counseling, diagnosis, and discordanceHowell, Davis, Thompson, Brown, Tanda, Kowal, Alston, Ross, and Tartaglia2022
Klinefelter Syndrome: What should we tell prospective parents?White, Zacharin, Fawcett, and McGillivray2022
Positive predictive value of noninvasive prenatal testing for sex chromosome abnormalitiesGuo, Cai, Lin, Xue, Huang, and Xu2022
Delaying testicular sperm extraction in 47,XXY Klinefelter patients does not impair the sperm retrieval rate, and AMH levels are higher when TESE is positiveRenault, Labrune, D’Estaing, Cuzin, Lapoirie, Benchaib, Lornage, Soignon, De Souza, Dijoud, Fraison, Pral-Chatillon, Bordes, Sanlaville, Schluth-Bolard, Salle, Ecochard, Lejeune, and Plotton2022
Early impact of X- and Y-chromosome variations (XXX, XXY, XYY) on social communication and social emotional development in 1–2-year-old childrenBouw, Swaab, Tartaglia, Jansen, and Van Rijn2022
Triple X syndrome: Psychiatric disorders and impaired social functioning as a risk factorOtter, Campforts, Stumpel, Van Amelsvoort, and Drukker2022
Population-based Assessment of Cardiometabolic-related Diagnoses in Youth With Klinefelter Syndrome: A PEDSnet StudyDavis, Nokoff, Furniss, Pyle, Valentine, Fechner, Ikomi, Magnusen, Nahata, Vogiatzi, and Dempsey2022
Recommendations to improve the patient experience and avoid bias when prenatal screening/testingMeredith, Brackett, Diaz, Freeman, Huggins, Khan, Leach, Levitz, Michie, Onufer, Skotko, Smith, White, Waller, and Ayers2022
What’s missing in sex chromosome aneuploidies? Representation and inclusionMehmet, McDonald, Saldarriaga, Pineros-Leano, and Dwyer2022
Variegation of autism related traits across seven neurogenetic disordersLee, Niu, Zhang, Clasen, Kozel, Smith, Wallace, and Raznahan2022
Clinical, Cognitive and Neurodevelopmental Profile in Tetrasomies and Pentasomies: A Systematic ReviewRicciardi, Cammisa, Bove, Picchiotti, Spaziani, Isidori, Aceti, Giacchetti, Romani, and Sogos2022
In Vitro Propagation of XXY Undifferentiated Mouse Spermatogonia: Model for Fertility Preservation in Klinefelter Syndrome PatientsGaldon, Deebel, Zarandi, Pettenati, Kogan, Wang, Swerdloff, Atala, Lue, and Sadri-Ardekani2021
Recent advancement in the treatment of boys and adolescents with hypogonadismRey2021
Social Management Training in Males With 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome): A Pilot Study of a Neurocognitive-Behavioral Treatment Targeting Social, Emotional, and Behavioral ProblemsMartin, Van Rijn, Bierman, and Swaab2021
Social functioning and emotion recognition in adults with triple X syndromeOtter, Crins, Campforts, Stumpel, Van Amelsvoort, and Vingerhoets2021
Incidence of gynaecomastia in Klinefelter syndrome adolescents and outcome of testosterone treatmentButler2021
Cortical gray matter structure in boys with Klinefelter syndromeFoland-Ross, Gil, Shrestha, Chromik, Hong, and Reiss2021
The Need for Greater Awareness of Sex Chromosome VariationsTorres2021
Onset and progression of puberty in Klinefelter syndromeTanner, Miettinen, Hero, Toppari, and Raivio2021
Early developmental impact of sex chromosome trisomies on ADHD symptomology in young childrenKuiper, Swaab, Tartaglia, and van Rijn2021
The comorbidity landscape of 47,XXX syndrome: A nationwide epidemiologic studyBerglund, Stochholm, and Gravholt2021
Patterns of psychopathology and cognition in sex chromosome aneuploidyRau, Whitman, Schauder, Gogate, Lee, Kenworthy, and Raznahan2021
Eosinophilic esophagitis in individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies: Clinical presentations and management implicationsHowell, Buchanan, Davis, Miyazawa, Furuta, Tartaglia, and Nguyen2021
Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on White MatterWarling, Yavi, Clasen, Blumenthal, Lalonde, Raznahan, and Liu2021
Sperm retrieval rates in non-mosaic Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: what expectations do we have in the real-life setting?Boeri et al2020
Neuropsychological functions, sleep, and mental health in adults with Klinefelter syndromeFjermestad, Huster, Thunberg, Stokke, Gravholt, and Solbakk2020
Morbidity in Klinefelter syndrome and the effect of testosterone treatmentChang, Skakkebæk, Davis, and Gravholt2020
Early neurodevelopmental and medical profile in children with sex chromosome trisomies: Background for the prospective eXtraordinarY babies study to identify early risk factors and targets for interventionTartaglia, Howell, Davis, Kowal, Tanda, Brown, Boada, Alston, Crawford, Thompson, Van Rijn, Wilson, Janusz, and Ross2020
The epidemiology of sex chromosome abnormalitiesBerglund, Stochholm, and Gravholt2020
Marked Increase in Incident Gynecomastia: A 20-year National Registry Study 1998-2017Koch, Bräuner, Busch, Hickey, and Juul2020
Rare sex chromosome variation 48,XXYY: An integrative reviewBlumling, Martyn, Talboy, and Close2020
European Academy of Andrology (EAA) Guidelines on Klinefelter SyndromeZitzmann, Aksglaede, Corona, Isidori, Juul, T’Sjoen, Kliesch, D’Hauwers, Toppari, Słowikowska-Hilczer, Tüttelmann, and Ferlin2020
Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Girls and Adolescents with Trisomy X SyndromeDavis, Soares, Howell, Cree-Green, Buyers, Johnson, and Tartaglia2020
Metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in Klinefelter syndromeSpaziani and Radicioni2020
Minipuberty in Klinefelter syndrome: Current status and future directionsAksglaede, Davis, Ross, and Juul2020
Psychological functioning, brain morphology, and functional neuroimaging in Klinefelter syndromeSkakkebæk, Gravholt, Chang, Moore, and Wallentin2020
Executive function in XXY: Comparison of performance-based measures and rating scalesJanusz, Harrison, C. Boada, Cordeiro, Howell, Tartaglia, and R. Boada2020
High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk features in adolescents with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndromeDavis, DeKlotz, Nadeau, Kelsey, Zeitler, and Tartaglia2020
American Journal of Medical Genetics: Special Issue on sex chromosome aneuploidiesEditors: Gravholt, Tartaglia, Disteche2020
The Expert in the Room: Parental Advocacy for Children with Sex Chromosome AneuploidiesRichardson, Riggan, and Allyse2020
Klinefelter Syndrome: Identifying, characterizing and managing an underdiagnosed condition with serious consequences (CME Course)Sadri and Howards2020
Strategies to improve early diagnosis of Klinefelter syndromeFerlin2020
Infertility considerations in Klinefelter syndrome: From origin to managementDeebel, Bradshaw, and Sadri-Ardekani2020
The behavioral profile of children aged 1–5 years with sex chromosome trisomy (47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY)Van Rijn, Tartaglia, Urbanus, Swaab, and Cordeiro2020
From mini‐puberty to pre‐puberty: early impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis with normal testicular function in children with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndromeSpaziani, Granato, Liberati, Rossi, Tahani, Pozza, Gianfrilli, Papi, Anzuini, Lenzi, Tarani, and Radicioni2020
Epigenetics and genomics in Klinefelter syndromeSkakkebæk, Viuff, Nielsen, and Gravholt2020
Epigenetic and transcriptomic consequences of excess X-chromosome material in 47,XXX syndrome—A comparison with Turner syndrome and 46,XX femalesNielsen, Trolle, Vang, Hornshøj, Skakkebaek, Hedegaard, Nordentoft, Pedersen, and Gravholt2020
What microRNAs could tell us about the human X chromosomeDi Palo, Siniscalchi, Salerno, Russo, Gravholt and Potenza2020
Male infertility due to testicular disordersSharma, Minhas, Dhillo, and Jayasena2020
A clinical algorithm for management of fertility in adolescents with Klinefelter syndromeMasterson III, Nassaub, and Ramasamya2020
Genetic Counseling and Family Support for Sex Chromosome AneuploidiesHowell and Grand2020
Seizures and Tremor in People with X & Y Chromosome VariationsBerry-Kravis2020
Fertility Guidelines for Klinefelter SyndromeFlannigan, Herati, Kogan, and Sadri-Ardekani2020
Educational Guidelines, IEPs, and School Services for Children with X & Y Chromosome VariationsFrith and Thompson2020
Quality of life in Klinefelter patients on testosterone replacement therapy compared to healthy controls: an observational study on the impact of psychological distress, personality traits, and coping strategiesFabrazzo, Accardo, Abbondandolo, Goglia, Esposito, Sampogna, Catapano, Giugliano, and Pasquali2020
Rare Disorder of Sexual Differentiation with a Mosaic 46,XX/47,XXY in a Klinefelter Syndrome IndividualPattamshetty, Mantri, and Mohan2020
Delivering the Diagnosis of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: Experiences and Preferences of Parents and IndividualsJaramillo, Nyquist, Riggan, Egginton, Phelan, and Allyse2019
A review of neurocognitive functioning and risk for psychopathology in sex chromosome trisomy (47,XXY, 47,XXX, 47,XYY)Van Rijn2019
Recent advances in managing and understanding Klinefelter syndromeBearelly and Oates2019
Management of cardiovascular complications in Klinefelter syndrome patientsAccardo, Amoresano Paglionico, Di Fraia, Cittadini, Salzano, Esposito, De Bellis, and Pasquali2019
Autism and social anxiety in children with sex chromosome trisomies: an observational studyWilson, King, and Bishop2019
Emotion regulation in adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): Neurocognitive underpinnings and associations with mental health problemsVan Rijn and Swaab2019
A placebo-controlled randomized study with testosterone in Klinefelter syndrome: beneficial effects on body compositionGravholt, Høst, Bojesen, Erlandsen, Groth, Kristensen, Grethe Jurik, and Birkebæk2019
Testosterone treatment and association with thrombin generation and coagulation inhibition in Klinefelter syndrome: A cross-sectional studyGravholt, Chang, Biltofta, Skakkebæk, Feddere, Bojesend, Bora, and Münster2019
Changes in the cohort composition of Turner syndrome and severe non-diagnosis of Klinefelter, 47,XXX and 47,XYY syndrome: a nationwide cohort study Gravholt, Berglund, Hansen Viuff,Skakkebæk, Chang, and Stochholm2019
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, Delayed Puberty and Risk for Neurodevelopmental DisordersGotby, Söder, Frisén, Serlachius, Bölte, Almqvist, Larsson, Lichtenstein, and Tammimies2019
Klinefelter syndrome and testosterone treatment: a national cohort study on thrombosis riskGravholt, Chang, Christiansen, Bojesen, Juul, and Münster2019
Sperm recovery and ICSI outcomes in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysisCorona et al2019
The Lived Experience of Klinefelter Syndrome: A Narrative Review of the LiteratureHanna, Cheetham, Fearon, Herbrand, Hudson, McEleny, Quinton, Stevenson, and Wilkes2019
Fertility Considerations in Adolescent Klinefelter Syndrome: Current Practice PatternsBhasin and Oates2019
Fertility in Adolescents With Klinefelter Syndrome: A Survey of Current Clinical PracticeZganjar, Nangia, Sokol, Ryabets, and Samplaski2019
Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: what we can learn from sex chromosome aneuploidiesGreen, Flash, and Reiss2019
Fertility management of Klinefelter syndromeFainberg, Hayden, and Schlegel2019
A review of neurocognitive functioning of children with sex chromosome trisomies: Identifying targets for early interventionVan Rijn, Urbanus, and Swaab2019
Congenital heart defects associated with aneuploidy syndromes: New insights into familiar associationsLin, Santoro, High, Goldenberg, and Gutmark-Little2019
Ovarian reserve evaluation in a woman with 45,X/47,XXX mosaicism: A case report and a review of literatureTang, Lin, Guo, Hou, and Yu2019
Characterization of autism spectrum disorder and neurodevelopmental profiles in youth with XYY syndromeJoseph, Farmer, Chlebowski, Henry, Fish, Makiw, Xenophontos, Clasen, Saul, Seidlitz, Blumenthal, Torres, Thurm, and Raznahan2018
Klinefelter Syndrome. The Effects of Early Androgen Therapy on Competence and Behavioral PhenotypeFlannigan, Patel et al2018
Testosterone in Infants with XXYTartaglia, Majidi, and Davis2018
Neuroses and neuroticism: What’s the difference?Felman2018
Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice GuidelineBhasin, Brito, Cunningham, Hayes, Hodis, Matsumoto, Snyder, Swerdloff, Wu, and Yialamas2018
Klinefelter Syndrome – Integrating Genetics, Neuropsychology and EndocrinologyGravholt, Chang, Wallentin, Fedder, Moore, and Skakkebæk2018
Klinefelter syndrome: more than hypogonadismKanakis and Nieschlag2018
Vocal and gestural productions of 24-month-old children with sex chromosome trisomiesZampini, Draghi, Silibello, Dall’Ara, Rigamonti, Suttora, Zanchi, Salerni, Lalatta, and Vizziello2018
Everything You Never Knew About the ADHD BrainKravit2018
DNA hypermethylation and differential gene expression associated with Klinefelter syndromeSkakkebæk, Nielsen, Trolle, Vang, Hornshøj, Hedegaard, Wallentin, Bojesen, Hertz, Fedder, Østergaard, Pedersen, and Gravholt2018
Anxiety and depression in Klinefelter syndrome: The impact of personality and social engagementSkakkebæk, Moore, Pedersen, Bojesen, Kristensen, Fedder, Hertz, Østergaard, Wallentin, and Gravholt2018
Salivary testosterone in relation to social cognition and social anxiety in children and adolescents with 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)Van Rijn2018
Oxandrolone Treatment Results in an Increased Risk of Gonadarche in Prepubertal Boys With Klinefelter SyndromeDavis, Lahlou, Cox-Martin, Kowal, Zeitler, and Ross2018
Androgen treatment effects on hippocampus structure in boys with Klinefelter SyndromeFoland-Ross, Ross, and Reiss2018
The Association of Motor Skills & Adaptive Functioning in XXY/Klinefelter & XXYY SyndromesTartaglia, Davis, Martin, Cordeiro, and Richardson2018
Counseling in Pediatric Populations at Risk for Infertility and/or Sexual Function ConcernsNahata, Quinn, and Tishelman2018
Research Suggests a Cure for NeuroticismWhitbourne2017
Quality of life in men with Klinefelter syndrome: the impact of genotype, health, socioeconomics, and sexual functionSkakkebæk, Moore, Chang, Fedder, and Gravholt2017
Fertility achieved through in vitro fertilization in a male patient with 48,XXYY syndromeLiu, Zhao, Hong, Mao, Yang, Zhang, and Jiang2017
Androgen Treatment Effects on Motor Function, Cognition, and Behavior in Boys with Klinefelter SyndromeRoss, Tartaglia, Davis, Reiss, et al2017
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Males with Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: XXY/Klinefelter syndrome, XYY, and XXYYTartaglia, Wilson, Miller, Rafalko, Cordeiro, Davis, Hessl and Ross2017
Sperm recovery and ICSI outcomes in Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysisCorona, Pizzocaro, Lanfranco, Garolla, Pelliccione, Vignozzi, Ferlin, Foresta, Jannini, Maggi, Lenzi, Pasquali, and Francavilla2017
Oxandrolone Yields Short-term Benefits in Treating Klinefelter’s SyndromeDavis, Cox-Martin, Bardsley, Kowal, Zeitler, and Ross2016
Advances in the Interdisciplinary Care of Children with Klinefelter SyndromeDavis, Howell, Wilson, Tanda, Ross, Zeitler, and Tartaglia2016
The Klinefelter syndrome: current management and research challengesNieschlag, Ferlin, Gravholt, Gromoll, Kohler, Lejeune, Rogol, and Wistuba2016
Expanding the Phenotype of Triple X Syndrome: A Comparison of Prenatal Versus Postnatal DiagnosisWigby, D’Epagnier, Howell, Reicks, Wilson, Cordeiro, and Tartaglia2016
ACMG Releases Updated Position Statement on Noninvasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS) for Detection of Fetal Aneuploidy: Addresses Questions About Expanded Role of NIPS in Prenatal PracticeACMG2016
The Impact of Living with Klinefelter Syndrome: A Qualitative Exploration of Adolescents and AdultsTurriff, Macnamara, Levy, and Biesecker2016
The role of genes, intelligence, personality, and social engagement in cognitive performance in Klinefelter syndromeSkakkebæk, Moore, Pedersen, Bojesen, Kristensen, Fedder, Laurberg, Hertz, Østergaard, Wallentin, and Gravholt2016
The Brain-Behavior Connection In Children with ADHDNigg2016
Secrets of the ADHD Brain: Why We Think, Act, and Feel the Way We DoDodson2016
What are the treatments for symptoms in Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?NIH2016
Klinefelter syndrome (KS): genetics, clinical phenotype and hypogonadismBonomi, Rochira, Pasquali, Balercia, Jannini, and Ferlin2016
Cognitive and behavioral profile of 47,XXX (Trisomy X): A research approachVan Rijn2015
Phenotype and Adverse Quality of Life in Boys with Klinefelter SyndromeClose, Fennoy, Smaldone, and Reame2015
50 Shades of Gray: Depression Common in Borderline TestosteroneTucker2015
Testis Development and Reproductive Options in Males with Klinefelter SyndromeDavis, Rogol, and Ross2015
Executive dysfunction and the relation with behavioral problems in children with 47,XXY and 47,XXXVan Rijn and Swaab2015
In the Dark: Challenges of Caring for Sons with Klinefelter SyndromeClose, Sadler, and Grey2015
Sex Isn’t Chromosomes: The Story of a Century of Misconceptions about X & YSteadman2015
Brain and behavior in 48, XXYY syndromeHanley, Blumenthal, Raitano Lee, Baker, Clasen, and Giedd2015
Neural systems for social cognition: gray matter volume abnormalities in boys at high genetic risk of autism symptoms, and a comparison with idiopathic autism spectrum disorderVan Rijn, Swaab, Goddard, and Rombouts2015
FDA Panel Rejects New Oral Testosterone Replacement DrugHand2014
Latest Testosterone Study Finds No Heart Attack RiskMelville2014
Putting the 'T'rouble in Testosterone Therapy?Vega2014
‘Striking’ Impact of Bullying on Teens’ Mental, Physical HealthBrauser2014
Social cognition and underlying cognitive mechanisms in children with an extra X chromosome: a comparison with autism spectrum disorderVan Rijn, Stockmann, van Buggenhout, van Ravenswaaij-Arts, and Swaab 2014
Executive Function: What Does It Mean? Why Is It Important? How Can We Help?Katz2014
Brain morphology in children with 47,XYY syndrome: a voxeland surface-based morphometric studyLepage, Hong, Raman, Marzelli, Roeltgen, Lai, Ross, and Reiss2014
Growing Up with XYYUnique - Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group2014
Cognitive and neurological aspects of sex chromosome aneuploidiesHong and Reiss2014
Autism spectrum disorders in XYY syndrome: two new cases and systematic review of the literatureMargari, Lamanna, Craig, Simone, and Gentile2014
Exercising the Mind to Treat Attention DeficitsGoleman2014
Long-term testosterone therapy does not increase the risk of prostate cancerElsevier Health Sciences2014
The Sexual Politics of AutismHughes2014
Social Attention, Affective Arousal and Empathy in Men with Klinefelter Syndrome (47,XXY): Evidence from Eyetracking and Skin ConductanceVan Rijn, Barendse, van Goozen, and Swaab2014
Surgical management of male infertility: an updateVelasquez and Tanrikut2014
Medical treatment of male infertilityDabaja and Schlegel2014
Genetic evaluation of male infertilityWosnitzer2014
Management of Klinefelter syndrome during transitionGies, Unuane, Velkeniers, and De Schepper2014
Feminized behavior and brain gene expression in a novel mouse model of Klinefelter SyndromeNgun, Ghahramani, Creek, Williams-Burris, Barseghyan, Itoh, Sánchez, McClusky, Sinsheimer, Arnold, and Vilain2014
When to ask male adolescents to provide semen sample for fertility preservation?Schlegel et al2014
Seeing X Chromosomes in a New LightZimmer2014
Club helps teens learn how to mix and mingleGrace2014
Clinical research: Extra X impairs awareness of others’ mindsYandell2014
Phenotypic differences in mosaic Klinefelter patients as compared with non-mosaic Klinefelter patientsSamplaski, Lo, Grober, Millar, Dimitromanolakis, and Jarvi2014
Video Game ‘Addiction’ More Likely With Autism, ADHDGordon2013
Association of Testosterone Therapy With Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in Men With Low Testosterone LevelsVigen, O’Donnell, Barón, et al2013
FDA Panel Split on Safety of Long-Acting TestosteroneBrooks2013
First Brain-Wave Test for ADHD Approved by FDALowes2013
47,XYY Syndrome: Clinical Phenotype and Timing of AscertainmentBardsley, Kowal, Levy, Gosek, Ayari, Tartaglia, Lahlou, Winder, Grimes, and Ross2013
A qualitative exploration of mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of having a child with Klinefelter syndrome and the process of reaching this diagnosisBourke, Snow, Herlihy, Amor, and Metcalfe2013
Timing of Diagnosis of 47,XXY and 48,XXYY: A Survey of Parent ExperiencesVisootsak, Ayari, Howell, Lazarus, and Tartaglia2013
Klinefelter syndrome: the commonest form of hypogonadism, but often overlooked or untreatedNieschlag2013
Neuroanatomical correlates of Klinefelter syndrome studied in relation to the neuropsychological profileSkakkebæk, Gravholt, Rasmussen, Bojesen, Jensen, Fedder, Laurberg, Hertz, Ostergaard, Pedersen, and Wallentin2013
Mosaic double aneuploidy: Down syndrome and XYYParihar, Koshy, and Srivastava2013
Language Delay in Boys? Consider Klinefelter SyndromeJancin2012
Living with Klinefelter Syndrome (47,XXY) Trisomy X (47, XXX) and 47, XYY: A Guide for Families and Individuals Affected by Extra X and Y Chromosome VariationsCover2012
Klinefelter’s syndrome—a diagnosis mislaid for 46 yearsAnonymous patient, Bhartia, and Ramachandran2012
Sex chromosomes and the brain: a study of neuroanatomy in XYY syndromeBryant, Hoeft, Lai, Lackey, Roeltgen, Ross, and Reiss2012
Behavioral and Social Phenotypes in Boys With 47,XYY Syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter SyndromeRoss, Roeltgen, Kushner, Zinn, Reiss, Zeger Bardsley, McCauley, and Tartaglia2012
The social brain in psychiatric and neurological disordersKennedy and Adolphs2012
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: XXY, XXX, XYY, and XXYYTartaglia, Ayari, Hutaff-Lee, and Boada2012
Reduced artery diameters in Klinefelter syndromeForesta, Caretta, Palego, Ferlin, Zuccarello, Lenzi, and Selice2012
Vulnerability for autism traits in boys and men with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY): the mediating role of cognitive flexibilityVan Rijn, Bierman, Bruining, and Swaab2012
Cardiovascular abnormalities in Klinefelter syndromePasquali, Arcopinto, Renzullo, Rotondi, Accardo, Salzano, Esposito, Saldamarco, Isidori, Marra, Ruvolo, Napoli, Bossone, Lenzi, Baliga, Saccà, and Cittadini2012
Clinical review: Klinefelter syndrome - a clinical updateGroth, Skakkebæk, Høst, Gravholt, and Bojesen2012
Executive Function...What is this anyway?Dendy2011
Complexities of HypogonadismMuthalagu2011
EEOC Announces Final Bipartisan Regulations for the ADA Amendments ActEEOC Press Release2011
Guide to Trisomy XErskine2011
Prevalence and diagnosis rates of Klinefelter syndrome: an Australian comparisonHerlihy, and Gillam2011
Thinking outside the square: considering gender in Klinefelter syndrome and 47, XXYHerlihy and Gillam2011
Individualized Education Program (IEP): Summary, Process, and Practical TipsGoodwin Procter and Autism Speaks2011
The psychosocial impact of Klinefelter syndrome and factors influencing quality of lifeHerlihy, McLachlan, Gillam, Cock, Collins, and Halliday2011
IDEA – The Manual for Parents and Students About Special Education Services in TexasThe Arc and Disability Rights Texas2011
Effects of short‐course androgen therapy on the neurodevelopmental profile of infants and children with 49,XXXXY syndromeSamango‐Sprouse, Gropman, Sadeghin, Kingery, Lutz‐Armstrong, and Rogol2011
New Guide Offers Road Map To IEP ProcessDiament2011
Hypogonadism in the Aging Male Diagnosis, Potential Benefits, and Risks of Testosterone Replacement TherapySurampudi, Wang, and Swerdloff2011
AAP: Guideline Calls for Pre-K ADHD EvaluationBankhead2011
Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents and Adults with Klinefelter SyndromeTurriff, Levy, and Biesecker2011
Neural systems for social cognition in Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): evidence from fMRIVan Rijn, Swaab, Baas, de Haan, Kahn, and Aleman2011
48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes: not just variants of Klinefelter syndromeTartaglia, Ayari, Howell, D’Epagnier, and Zeitler2011
Neuroanatomical phenotype of Klinefelter syndrome in childhood: a voxel-based morphometry studyBryant, Hoeft, Lai, Lackey, Roeltgen, Ross, and Reiss2011
Tantrum Tamer: New Ways Parents Can Stop Bad BehaviorWang2011
How many genomes do you have?Rennie2011
Mother labored to find reason for son’s developmental delaysBoodman2010
Considerations for Androgen Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY)Tartaglia and Rogol2010
Testosterone Therapy in Men with Androgen Deficiency Syndromes: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice GuidelineBhasin, Cunningham, Hayes, Matsumoto, Snyder, Swerdloff, and Montori2010
Assessing the risks and benefits of diagnosing genetic conditions with variable phenotypes through population screening: Klinefelter syndrome as an exampleHerlihy, Halliday, McLachlan, Cock, and Gillam2010
What is Intersex?Organisation Intersex International Australia Limited2010
Postnatal screening for Klinefelter syndrome: is there a rationale?Herlihy, Gillam, Halliday, and McLachlan2010
Representations of Klinefelter SyndromeNoble2010
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies (from The Handbook of Pediatric Neuropsychology)Wilson, Bennett, Howell, and Tartaglia2010
A Review of Trisomy X (47, XXX)Tartaglia, Howell, Sutherland, Wilson, and Wilson2010
Anatomic magnetic resonance imaging of the developing child and adolescent brain and effects of genetic variationGiedd, Stockman, Weddle, Liverpool, Alexander-Bloch, Wallace, Lee, Lalonde, and Lenroot2010
Considerations for Androgen Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY)Rogol and Tartaglia2010
Role of the X Chromosome in Social Behavioural Dysfunction and Autism-like BehaviourVan Rijn, Swaab, Bierman, and Zijlstra2010
Social Function in Multiple X and Y Chromosome Disorders: XXY, XYY, XXYY, XXXYVisootsak and Graham2009
The psychological and social impact of Klinefelter’s SyndromeMorris, Jackson, and Hancock2009
Tremor in 48,XXYY SyndromeTartaglia, Borodyanskya, and Hall2009
An Extra X or Y Chromosome: Contrasting the Cognitive and Motor Phenotypes in Childhood in Boys with 47,XYY Syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter SyndromeRoss, Zeger, Kushner, Zinn, and Roeltgen2009
The Cognitive Phenotype in Klinefelter Syndrome: A Review of the Literature Including Genetic and Hormonal FactorsTartaglia, Boada, Janusz, and Hutaff-Lee2009
Structural and functional neuroimaging in Klinefelter (47,XXY) syndrome: a review of the literature and preliminary results from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of languageSteinman, Ross, Lai, Reiss, and Hoeft2009
Triple X syndrome: a review of the literatureOtter, Schrander-Stumpel, and Curfs2009
A New Look at XXYY Syndrome: Medical and Psychological FeaturesTartaglia, Davis, Hench, Nimishakavi, Beauregard, Reynolds, Fenton, Albrecht, Ross, Visootsak, Hansen, and Hagerman2008
XYY Study Day ReportUnique - Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group2008
Understanding and Modifying the Behavior of Boys with XXYY: A Guide for Parents and Professionals Riley2007
Testosterone DeficiencyGordon2006
Morbidity in Klinefelter Syndrome: A Danish Register Study Based on Hospital Discharge DiagnosesBojesen, Juul, Birkebæk, and Gravholt2006
Unique - XYYUnique - Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group2006
When It’s Not Just ADHD: Uncovering Comorbid ConditionsSilver2006
Klinefelter's syndrome (karyotype 47, XXY) and schizophrenia-spectrum pathologyVan Rijn, Aleman, Swaab, and Kahn2006
Klinefelter syndrome and other sex chromosomal aneuploidiesVisootsak and Graham2006
The structural brain correlates of cognitive deficits in adults with Klinefelter’s syndromeItti, Gaw Gonzalo, Pawlikowska-Haddal, Boone, Mlikotic, Itti, Mishkin, and Swerdloff2006
Puberty-related influences on brain developmentGiedd, Clasen, Lenroot, Greenstein, Wallace, Ordaz, Molloy, Blumenthal, Tossell, Stayer, Samango-Sprouse, Shen, Davatzikos, Merke, and Chrousos2006
Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Men with Klinefelter Syndrome: A Cohort StudySwerdlow, Schoemaker, Higgins, Wright, and Jacobs2005
Early Androgen Deficiency in Infants and Young Boys with 47,XXY Klinefelter SyndromeRoss, Samango-Sprouse, Lahlou, Kowal, Elder, and Zinn2005
Mortality in Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome in Britain: A Cohort StudySwerdlow, Higgins, Schoemaker, Wright, and Jacobs2005
Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) as a genetic model for psychotic disordersDeLisi, Maurizio, Svetina, Ardekani, Szulc, Nierenberg, Leonard, and Harvey2005
Inhibin B and Anti-Müllerian Hormone, But Not Testosterone Levels, Are Normal in Infants with Nonmosaic Klinefelter SyndromeLahlou, Fennoy, Carel, and Roger2004
Learning Needs of Boys With KS - Information for Teachers & ParentsCollingridge2004
Neurobehavioral and Psychosocial Issues in Klinefelter SyndromeGeschwind and Dykens2004
IEP and Lesson Plan Development Handbook of Specially Designed Instruction and Supplementary Aids and ServicesKentucky Special Education Cooperatives and Kentucky Department of Education2003
What parents are told after prenatal diagnosis of a sex chromosome abnormality: interview and questionnaire studyAbramsky, Hall, Levitan, and Marteau2001
Disorders of Executive Functions - Civil and Criminal Law ApplicationsHall and Sbordone1993
Klinefelter’s Syndrome: Historical Background and DevelopmentKlinefelter1986
2022-02-24T13:28:16-05:00

XXYY Project: United Kingdom

XXYY in the United Kingdom

Members of the XXYY Project in the UK have an active support group.  They hold regular chats and events.

Click on the image below to visit their web page:

XXYY Project in the UK

Photos from a 2015 XXYY Event in the UK

2018-07-31T17:50:07-04:00

XXYY Project: Dutch

Welkom bij het XXYY Project

          

Van harte welkom op deze website over het XXYY Syndroom en het XXYY Project. Hier vindt u informatie om u te steunen en u voor te lichten over deze genetische aandoening en over het medisch onderzoek daaromtrent.

Leer de symptomen en kenmerken van  het XXYY Syndroom kennen en kom te weten hoe u betrokken kunt zijn bij onze hulpgroep en bij het XXYY Project, een project van de non-profit organisatie genaamd AXYS.

Brochure:

Feiten & Mythen Over het XXYY Syndroom


Er klopt iets niet

Wat doe je als jouw zoon of dochter een probleem heeft, waar geen aandacht aan wordt besteed?

Als u vermoedt dat uw zoon het XXYY Syndroom heeft, klik dan op het document voor meer informatie.

De volgende informatie is bedoeld om ouders en verzorgers te helpen begrijpen dat het belangrijk is om medisch advies in te winnen als zij het gevoel hebben dat “er iets niet klopt” aan hun kind. Deze informatie zelf is niet bedoeld om te dienen als medisch advies en kan ook nooit medisch advies vervangen. Raadpleeg altijd een arts als uw kind problemen ervaart.

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Alle foto’s van de jongens en mannen met XXYY op deze website zijn gebruikt met toestemming van de betrokkenen, ter herkenning voor anderen.


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2020-05-05T16:29:51-04:00
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